Stress can be physical, emotional or psychological. Depending on the pressures you are facing it can have varying effects on your body. When stressful situations occur your body...
IL-33 is mainly expressed by fibroblasts, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. It is the ligand for orphan receptor, ST2. IL-33-ST2 plays a dual role, in some cases promotes Th2 cells and in other cases...
Allergic asthma is the most common form of asthma. In allergic asthma, the body initiates an immune response to an allergen such as pet dander, dust-mites, mold or pollen that results in IgE antibodies. This process is commonly referred to as allergic sensitization. Most...
Stress can be physical, emotional or psychological. Depending on the pressures you are facing it can have varying effects on your body. When stressful situations occur your body releases stress hormones that give you the ability to fight back to intensify your concentration and your reaction...
Highly purified collagen type II is important for the induction of arthritis. The rate of incidence is a sore topic among many that are running the collagen induced arthritis model given disease incidence as low as 50% is not uncommon. The purity of the collagen, adjuvant quality, emulsion...
The citrullination of proteins is a post-translational modification where peptidyl arginine residues are converted to peptidyl citrulline by a family of enzymes called peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs). Citrullination can be found in multiple tissue types and has been shown to occur in both...
Rat insulin is a pancreatic hormone whose molecular weight is about 6000 Da. It is a protein composed of two polypeptide chains, a shorter A-chain of twenty-one residues and a longer B-chain of thirty. The two chains are connected by two disulphide (-S-S-) linkages, while a third such linkage...
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is associated with numerous diseases due to its role in inflammation and autoimmunity that include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBS), psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis (MS).
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the...