Goat anti-mouse IgD, Antiserum
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Immunoglobulin D activator for B-cells
Overview
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is an antibody isotype that is found primarily on mature B-cells as part of the B-cell receptor (BCR) complex. Clustering of the BCR due to antigen binding leads to activation of B-cells that can result in a number of outcomes including proliferation, differentiation, and tolerance.
The ability to activate B-lymphocytes using polyclonal antisera recognizing anti-IgD is useful for the study of B-cell function (Finkelman, et al., 1985; Nguyen, et al., 2014). Anti-IgD is particularly suited for this application because soluble IgD is present in extremely low levels in serum (<0.25% of total immunoglobulin) and will not interfere with B-cell activation in a whole blood-based or in vivo setting. (In contrast, high levels of circulating IgM will typically block B-cell activation by anti-IgM in whole blood.) Such a methodology can be used to rapidly test the efficacy of B-cell inhibitory agents in a cellular, ex vivo, or in vivo context (Coffey, et al., 2012).
Data/Specifications
Format: 1 ml per vial
Host: Goat
Reactivity: Mouse immunoglobulin Cδ chain
Buffer: None
Preservative: Preservative-free for in vivo application, 0.2 μm sterile-filtered
Storage: Short term at 2- 8°C. For long term storage, -80°C is recommended. Avoid multiple freeze- thaw cycles. Should be kept sterile. Can be re-filtered if necessary.
Expiration: See vial label
Literature/Support
References:
Rip, J., de Bruijn, M. J., Kaptein, A., Hendriks, R. W., & Corneth, O. B. (2020). Phosphoflow Protocol for Signaling Studies in Human and Murine B Cell Subpopulations. The Journal of Immunology.
Noviski, M., Mueller, J. L., Satterthwaite, A., Garrett-Sinha, L. A., Brombacher, F., & Zikherman, J. (2018). IgM and IgD B cell receptors differentially respond to endogenous antigens and control B cell fate. eLife, 7, e35074
Nguyen, T., & Morris J. (2014). Signals from activation of B-cell receptor with anti-IgD can override the stimulatory effects of excess BAFF on mature B cells in vivo. Immunology Lett., 161(1), 157-164.
Coffey, G., DeGuzman, F., Inagaki, M., Pak, Y., Delaney, S., Ives, D., Betz, A., Jia, Z., Pandey, A., Baker, D., Hollenbach, S., Phillips, D., & Sinha, U. (2012). Specific Inhibition of Spleen Tyrosine Kinase Suppresses Leukocyte Immune Function and Inflammation in Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J. Pharm. and Exp. Therapeutics., 340(2), 350-359.
Finkelman, F., Smith, J., Villacreses, N., & Metcalf, E. (1985). Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD. VI. Influence of doses of goat anti-mouse delta chain and normal goat IgG on B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Eur J Immunol., 15(4), 315-320.
How To Use
IgD cross-linking on B cells is an ideal method for the assessment of acute polyclonal B cell activation across multiple strains of mice. Following anti-IgD injection (100μl/mouse, i.v.), peripheral B cells are rapidly activated as evidenced by up-regulation of CD86 and CD69. Activated B cells will secrete effector cytokines (IL-4) and acquire effector function (secretion of IgE antibodies) within 5-7 days. Anti-mouse IgD antibody can also be used to induce functional B cells in vitro. This model system is ideal for specific examination of key pathways and players in the functional activation of peripheral B cells in vivo.